Unraveling the Impact of Electrosorbed Ions on the Scaling Behavior of Fast-Charging Dynamics of Nanoporous Electrodes Toward Digital Design of Iontronic Devices

Abstract

Electrolyte-filled nanoporous electrodes with fast-charging capability are critical for advanced energy storage and iontronic devices. However, experiments and simulations consistently show that increasing electrode thickness degrades performance by limiting ion access to effective electrode/electrolyte interfaces, especially under fast-charging conditions. While often attributed to sluggish ion transport, the underlying mechanisms and the quantitative link between thickness and performance remain unclear due to complex pore structures and nanoconfined ion dynamics. Here, using multilayered graphene membranes as a model system, modified Poisson–Nernst–Planck simulations with experiments are ..